Balkans Travel Guide: 12 Balkan Countries Tips & Information

The Balkans, a vast and vibrant region in southeastern Europe, is a hotspot for travelers seeking a mix of culture, history, and natural beauty. If you’re planning a trip to the Balkans, this article about the Balkans is your ultimate guide, covering everything from safety tips and the best places to stay to must-visit spots throughout the Balkans.

Whether you’re interested in exploring the stunning landscapes, delving into the rich history, or just soaking up the local culture, our detailed guides offer all the info you need for a memorable journey.

From accommodations that cater to every traveler’s need to safety advice ensuring a hassle-free experience, we’ve got you covered. Get ready to discover the best places within the Balkans, making your travel experience truly unforgettable.

Travel The Balkans Map

The Balkan region, a significant and diverse region in southeast Europe, is defined by its unique geography stretching from the Balkan Mountains to the Black Sea. While definitions vary, the Balkan nations typically include a mix of countries, often focusing on the territories of former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania.

The exact list of Balkan countries can spark debate, but for a comprehensive understanding, at Chasing the Donkey, we consider Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Türkiye, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, Kosovo, Greece, and Albania.

This ultimate Balkan guide aims to give you a quick yet thorough insight into the Balkan Peninsula, ensuring you grasp the essence of this culturally rich and historically profound region.

Travel Around The Balkans – Tourist Expectations Vs. Local Customs

This is a relatively undiscovered part of Europe. Much less visited (and the cheapest) than, for instance, the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, the British Isles, and France, the Balkan countries are somewhat of a blank spot on the map for many Western European and North American travelers.

Travelers from the West may encounter cultural differences. Don’t expect the 24-hour convenience or quick service you’re used to. The pace of life here is slower, which can be a shift for some. Shops might close for afternoon breaks, and locals in tourist areas might not always greet visitors with open arms.

This slower pace isn’t a drawback but a difference to embrace. Once you engage with them, the locals are welcoming and friendly.

The local life in the Balkan countries is virtually unaffected by mass tourism—with some exceptions in the popular coastal cities on the Adriatic Sea—and the locals are among the most welcoming and friendliest people you’ll ever meet.

Understanding that the Balkans offer a unique cultural experience distinct from Western Europe can significantly enhance your visit to the Balkans. Embrace the local way of life, stay informed about customs, and enjoy the diverse beauty and hospitality the Balkans have to offer.

Is The Balkans Safe?

Many people’s perceptions of the Balkans are still colored by the wars of the 1990s (at the very end, I cover those), leading to questions about the region’s safety today.

Let’s set the record straight: the Balkans are safe. The conflicts have long ended, and the region has transformed remarkably over the past two decades.

Balkan Countries List

We’ll continue this article about what to expect when traveling in the Balkans with a list of Balkan countries featured on this website, as backpacking through the Balkans is popular and will likely include these fantastic destinations.

This is where you’ll find precisely what the Balkan countries are, again in the widest sense of the word, including the entire region.

Here’s the list of the Balkans nations:

1. Albania
2. Bosnia and Herzegovina
3. Bulgaria
4. Croatia
5. Greece
6. Kosovo
7. North Macedonia
8. Montenegro
9. Romania
10. Serbia
11. Slovenia
12. Turkey

Further below, our Balkans guide introduces each country’s culture, characteristics, and highlights. First, we will cover food, visas, money, and safety.

Where To Travel In The Balkans – Country Guides

Let’s get you ready for your Balkans trip; with so many countries to choose from, we have broken it down into 12 countries and have given you links to dozens of detailed travel guides we have written for each country in the Balkans region.

1. Croatia

An Independent Country Since: 1991

The first Balkan country we will start with is Croatia, as it is one of the most popular beach destinations in southern Europe, boasting one of Europe’s most magnificent coastlines.

The Dalmatian coast attracts millions of tourists yearly with its dazzling beaches, clear water, scenic islands, and historic towns. Croatia also features exceptional natural attractions, from gorges and mountains to thick forests, rivers, and lakes.

Croatia is a varied country. There’s the Italian-feeling Istrian peninsula in the north, the rural inland areas, the Dinaric Mountains just inland from the Adriatic Sea coast, the capital Zagreb, and the Dalmatian islands. Scattered within these regions, world-renowned UNESCO Heritage sites are not to be missed.

There are numerous attractions all over this stunning country. Still, you should focus on Plitvice National Park, Dubrovnik, Split, Zagreb, Krka National Park, Rovinj, and the islands of Hvar, Brač, and Korčula.

Population: 4,058,165 (2020)

Flag Of Croatia Croatia’s Top Destinations

Croatia, a gem in the Balkans, really stands out with its stunning coastline along the Adriatic Sea, ancient walled towns, and a unique blend of Mediterranean and Eastern European culture.

It’s not just the sun-soaked beaches that draw visitors from around the world; it’s also the rich history, delicious cuisine, and vibrant local life that make Croatia a must-visit.

Whether you’re sailing around its idyllic islands, exploring the ruins of Roman palaces, or enjoying the nightlife in its historic cities, Croatia offers a diverse experience that’s hard to match in the Balkans.

• Dubrovnik
• Split
• Zagreb
• Hvar
• Korčula
• Rovinj
• Zadar
• Pula
• Krka National Park
• Istria
• Dalmatian Islands
• Plitvice Lakes National Park

2. Greece

An Independent Country Since 1830

Occupying the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece is arguably the most historical country in the world. It was one of the most influential regions in ancient times, showcased to this day by lots of remaining structures and ruins.

This is, after all, where modern democracy originated, the very “cradle of Western civilization.”

The capital of Greece, Athens, is home to important landmarks dating as far back as the 5th century B.C. Its most iconic ancient attraction is, without question, the Acropolis, topped by the Parthenon.

Other ancient locations in Greece worth visiting include the Palace of Knossos in Crete, the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, the Olympic Games birthplace in Olympia, and the island of Rhodes.

Thessaloniki is Greece’s second-largest city and a former commercial hub in the Byzantine Empire, which deserves a visit.

Additionally, Greece is also famous worldwide for its thousands of islands that dot the Ionian Sea and Aegean Sea. It’s a super-popular beach vacation destination, thanks to iconic places like Santorini and Mykonos.

Population: 10,724,599 (2019)

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Top Destinations In Greece

Greece is a jewel in Europe, setting itself apart with a legacy that intertwines ancient history with azure seas and a vibrant contemporary culture.

It’s where mythology breathes life into landscapes, from the Acropolis watching over Athens to the idyllic islands dotting the Aegean and Ionian Seas. Greece’s standout features include its archaeological sites that tell tales of gods and heroes, the warm hospitality of its people, and a culinary tradition rich in flavors.

Here, the past and present merge seamlessly, offering a travel experience filled with discovery, relaxation, and adventure. Whether you’re exploring ruins, basking on beaches, or savoring gastronomic delights, Greece promises a journey through time and a feast for the senses.

• Athens
• Santorini
• Mykonos
• Crete
• Rhodes
• Corfu
• Thessaloniki
• Delphi
• Meteora
• Nafplio

3. Bulgaria

An Independent Country Since 1908

Bulgaria is more or less the region where our ancient ancestors arrived in Europe. It is, therefore, one of the oldest inhabited regions on the continent, featuring several significant archaeological sites from the Neolithic period.

Throughout its history, Bulgaria has been the home of the Thracians, Greeks, Persians, Romans, Goths, Huns, and the Ottoman Empire.

The mix of Balkan culture, architectural, and artistic styles is sensational. This extraordinary heritage is reflected in the country’s ten different UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including several unique ancient sites and a few breathtaking natural areas.

There’s plenty to see and do in Bulgaria. Major attractions include Sofia, the Ancient City of Nessebar, Central Balkan National Park, the Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo, Pirin National Park, the Seven Rila Lakes, the Rila Monastery, and the Madara Rider.

Population: 6,951,482 (2019)

Flag Of Bulgaria

Top Destinations In Bulgaria

Bulgaria might be the Balkans’ best-kept secret, standing out with its wild mix of gorgeous landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture. It’s where you can hit the ski slopes in the morning and soak up the sun on sandy beaches by the afternoon. Bulgaria’s authentic charm? Its laid-back vibe, ancient towns that feel like stepping back in time, and surprisingly lively nightlife.

Plus, let’s not forget the food – a hearty blend of Eastern European and Mediterranean flavors that’ll have you asking for seconds. Whether you’re exploring the buzzing streets of Sofia, marveling at the Rila Monastery’s frescoes, or hiking through untouched natural parks, Bulgaria offers an authentic slice of Balkan life that’s hard to find elsewhere.

• Sofia
• Plovdiv
• Varna
• Burgas
• Rila Monastery
• Bansko
• Veliko Tarnovo
• Sozopol
• Nessebar
• Rhodope Mountains
• Seven Rila Lakes

7. Montenegro

An Independent Country Since: 2006

In terms of landscapes, Montenegro is one of the world’s most spectacular countries. Its name literally means “Black Mountain.” This is a place of magnificent coastal hills, sandy beaches, rugged inland mountain ranges, deep canyons, and shimmering lakes.

Additionally, Montenegro also has vibrant coastal towns. The most well-known one is Budva, one of the Adriatic epicenters of luxury and beach travel, with loads of excellent hotels. Its hospitable people make this one of the most enjoyable places to visit in southern Europe, especially if you’re after an off-the-beaten-track outdoor adventure.

You shouldn’t miss the Bay of Kotor, Durmitor National Park, Budva, Sveti Stefan, and Lake Skadar.

Population: 622,359 (2018)

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Top Destinations In Montenegro

8. North Macedonia

An Independent Country Since: 1991

Just like its western neighbor Albania, North Macedonia can trace its origins back to even before antiquity. The oldest settlements date from as far back as 7,000 BC, but it was not until the 4th century B.C. that it became the Kingdom of Macedon.

Note that the Republic of North Macedonia, as the country is officially known, is not the same as the historical region of Macedonia, which is much larger and spread across three neighboring countries. (After years of dispute with Greece, the country changed its name from “Macedonia” to “North Macedonia,” while a northern Greek province officially became “Macedonia”)

North Macedonian culture and heritage are a mix of local and foreign influences, much like most other countries in the Balkans.

A landlocked country, North Macedonia is a relatively mountainous place. Its landscapes are rugged and wild, characterized by mountain ranges, valleys, and large lakes.

As you can imagine, its cities and cultural attractions are old—if not ancient.

Any North Macedonia itinerary should contain, at the very least, Lake Ohrid, Matka Canyon, Mavrovo National Park, and Skopje.

Population: 2,077,132 (2019)

Flag Of North Macedonia

Top Destinations In North Macedonia

North Macedonia stands out in the Balkans with its profound mix of cultural heritage, breathtaking natural landscapes, and a rich history that weaves through its cities and countryside. It’s the blending of civilizations over centuries that gives North Macedonia its unique charm, from ancient Roman sites to Ottoman bazaars.

Skopje, the capital, showcases this blend with its modernist buildings and ancient stone bridge. Lake Ohrid, one of the world’s oldest and deepest lakes, offers not just natural beauty but also a treasure trove of historic churches and a serene, timeless vibe. What truly sets North Macedonia apart is its ability to offer visitors an authentic experience; it’s a place where traditional music fills the air, culinary delights surprise the palate, and natural beauty invites exploration.

Whether you’re hiking in the national parks, wandering through the old bazaars, or enjoying the laid-back atmosphere of the lake, North Macedonia offers a unique journey through the heart of the Balkans.

• Skopje
• Ohrid
• Bitola
• Prilep
• Tetovo
• Struga
• Kruševo
• Mavrovo
• Strumica
• Stobi
• Sar Mountains

9. Serbia

An Independent Country Since: 2006

One of the largest Balkan States, Serbia is the only country in Europe that uses Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.

Its capital city, Belgrade, is a part of the Southeastern part of the European continent and is one of the largest and oldest cities, home to striking Communist-era buildings and Belgrade Fortress, to name a few highlights. Belgrade’s Stari Grad is where you’ll find mansions dating from the 1800s and the iconic National Theater.

Outside the capital, numerous historic towns and archaeological sites dot the countryside, which is made up of mountain ranges, plateaus, and rivers. While there’s a wealth of culture and history to be soaked up in Serbia, people who like being outdoors won’t be disappointed.

Absolute highlights include Fruška Gora National Park, the attractive Drina River, the Nikola Tesla Museum, the Stari Ras and Sopoćani complex, Derdap National Park, Belgrade Fortress, and the Studenica Monastery. Besides these, there are many other nature parks, ancient monasteries, fortresses, and old towns to visit and explore.

Population: 6,963,764 (2019)

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Top Destinations In Serbia

Serbia, a gem in the heart of the Balkans, distinguishes itself with a vibrant cultural scene, historical depth, and an unpretentious, lively spirit. Unlike its coastal neighbors, Serbia offers a journey through time with its well-preserved medieval fortresses, monasteries that have stood the test of centuries, and lively urban centers where history meets modernity.

Belgrade, the capital, buzzes with energy, offering a nightlife that rivals Europe’s best alongside museums and parks that tell stories of a tumultuous past. Outside the city, the serene beauty of the countryside, with the Danube River winding through towns and past ancient sites, invites exploration.

Serbia’s appeal lies in its warm hospitality, delicious cuisine that’s a testament to its crossroads of cultures, and the blend of tradition and contemporary life. It’s a country where every corner has a story, offering experiences that range from the serene beauty of the Fruška Gora National Park to the lively streets of Novi Sad, the cultural heartbeat of the nation.

• Belgrade
• Novi Sad
• Niš
• Subotica
• Zlatibor
• Kragujevac
• Tara National Park
• Smederevo
• Vrnjačka Banja
• Kopaonik
• Fruska Gora

10. Romania

An Independent Country Since 1877

A large country in the northwestern corner of the Balkan Peninsula, Romania is known mainly for its numerous spectacular castles, epic landscapes, and beautiful towns.

Arguably, its most popular destination is Transylvania, a forested region with various hills and fortresses. Its most notable landmark is Bran Castle, associated with the legend of Dracula.

The well-preserved medieval town of Sighisoara is absolutely worth visiting as well.

For more urban attractions, Bucharest’s capital city has several of those, most notably the enormous Communist-era Palace of Parliament.

The towering Carpathian Mountains flank Transylvania, a wild landscape home to wolves and brown bears that attract adventure seekers like hikers, campers, winter sports enthusiasts, rock climbers, and photographers alike.

Yet another remarkable natural feature in Romania is the Danube River, which flows into the Black Sea in Romania. The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is a prime location for wildlife watching, scenic bike rides, drives, and boat excursions.

Population: 19,317,984 (2020)

Flag Of Romania

Romania’s Top Destinations

11. Republic of Kosovo

An Independent Country Since 2008 (not recognized by Serbia)

A landlocked country surrounded by Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, and Serbia, the Republic of Kosovo is a partially recognized country in the Balkans. Although some nations still don’t recognize Kosovo’s independence, it is a separate, although small, region in southeastern Europe with a distinct culture.

This fascinating new country has much going for it, including its obscurity. Because many travelers don’t know much about it, it has the unique potential to surprise and overwhelm unsuspecting visitors completely. Kosovo, after all, is gorgeous.

It’s home to beautiful domed Serbian monasteries dating from the 1200s, picturesque mountain towns, and world-class hiking trails.

Despite its turbulent past, Kosovo is perfectly safe to visit now. Yet, it does remain one of the last off-the-beaten-track destinations in Europe.

Like its neighbor Serbia, from which it declared independence in 2008, Kosovo is somewhat of a cultural crossroads in southern Europe, with Christian and Muslim influences.

Its spectacular natural scenery is Kosovo’s most significant touristic resource. Home to towering mountains dotted with canyons and lakes and crisscrossed by rivers; this small country is an outdoor lover’s paradise. You can go hiking, cycling, whitewater rafting, fishing, boating, skiing, and snowboarding.

Population: 1,873,160 (2020)

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Top Destinations In Kosovo

12. Slovenia

An Independent Country Since: 1991

Slovenia may be tiny, but it’s packed with attractions. You can drive across in just a couple of hours, yet there’s everything from towering mountain peaks to historic cities, UNESCO-listed caves, and a spectacular coastline.

Often considered a part of Central Europe rather than a Balkan country, Slovenia has more in common with Austria and Italy than Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. This is a place dotted with onion-domed churches, where geraniums adorn wood-beamed houses and are characterized by a disciplined mindset.

Its major attractions include the Adriatic coast town of Piran, the Škocjan Caves, Ljubljana, Lake Bled, and Triglav National Park.

Population: 2,095,861 (2020)

Flag Of Slovenia

Top Destinations In Slovenia

Slovenia might be small, but it packs a punch in the diversity and richness of its landscapes and cultural offerings, distinguishing it from its Balkan neighbors.

Nestled between the Alps and the Mediterranean, Slovenia is a green oasis with an abundance of natural beauty, including pristine lakes, dense forests, and rugged mountains.

The country is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts, offering everything from skiing in winter to hiking and cycling in the summer season. Ljubljana, the charming capital, is known for its vibrant cultural scene, pedestrian-friendly streets, and a mix of classical and modern architecture. 

Slovenia also stands out for its commitment to sustainability, being one of the greenest countries in the world. The culinary scene is another highlight, blending Mediterranean, Alpine, and Balkan flavors. Slovenia’s unique blend of natural beauty, sustainable living, and rich cultural life makes it a standout destination in the Balkans.

• Ljubljana
• Bled
• Piran
• Maribor
• Kranj
• Ptuj
• Bohinj
• Koper
• Škofja Loka
• Triglav National Park
• Lake Bohinj
• Postojna Cave

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Balkans Accommodation Ideas

The Balkans offers tourists an amazingly wide variety of choices to pick from. This list mentions only a few of the best places to stay and explore in the Balkans.

If you plan your next holiday, consider the Balkans, and you will realize that it is indeed one of the most diverse parts of the world.

Balkan Itinerary Ideas

Here are some of our ideas for how to plan your trip across the Balkans. 

The Balkan War

The Balkan War was an incredibly complicated conflict. Sparked by the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s, this war was the only exception to the peaceful transition from communism to capitalism in Eastern Europe.

The war between Yugoslavian countries was initiated by free elections held in 1991 in Croatia and Slovenia to become independent nations. The Yugoslavian army tried to suppress these newly emerging opinions of freedom.

The two countries declared independence anyway, followed by the Ten-Day War in Slovenia and the Croatian War of Independence that would last until 1995.

In the following years, Yugoslavia’s other countries gradually became independent. The conflict profoundly affected Bosnia-Herzegovina, a nation with large populations of Catholic Croats, Bosnian Muslims, and Orthodox Serbs.

The war eventually resulted in U.N. and NATO interventions. The Croatian and Bosnian wars ended in 1995, while the conflict in Kosovo lasted until 1999.

Nowadays, travel is safe in the Balkans. The region is war-free. Croatia is leading the way with a booming tourist industry.

Balkan Travel Tips Wrap Up

Wrapping up your plans to travel to the Balkans – you’re in for an adventure across some of Europe’s most diverse landscapes and cultures.

Each of the countries in the Balkans offers a unique experience, from ancient ruins to buzzing modern cities. When you’re planning to visit, consider what you want to see and do to choose the best time to visit the Balkans.

Hiring a car can give you the freedom to explore hidden gems, but don’t underestimate the efficiency of public transport here—it’s a budget-friendly way to hop between cities.

Keep an eye out for cheap flights, especially if you’re hopping across countries.

Our travel tips for traveling the Balkans are all about making your trip as smooth and enjoyable as possible, no matter which ones you want to visit. Get ready for an unforgettable journey!